<p>Blennerhassett Hotel is a historic hotel located at Parkersburg, Wood County, West Virginia. It opened in 1889 and is in the Queen Anne style. The hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. </p><br>
<p>In the late 1800s, money from oil and natural gas flooded into Parkersburg, West Virginia, and the town quickly became a vivacious city that welcomed businessmen and visitors from all over the country. Designed and built by William Chancellor, a prominent Parkersburg businessman, Blennerhassett opened in 1889 and quickly became a grand showplace for what would later be known as the Gaslight Era. The original hotel had approximately 50 guest rooms around a central staircase. Restrooms were common places on each of the four guest floors and the kitchen was located on the fifth floor. What is now the hotel&#39;s game room originally housed the First National Bank of Parkersburg and had the luxury of electricity.</p><br>
<p>The property was named after Harman and Margaret Blennerhassett, who settled on an island in the Ohio River in 1798 and built a Palladian mansion on their European-style estate (the island now called Blennerhassett Island). Their property was the envy of all locals, but they didn&#39;t rise to national fame until they allowed former Vice President Aaron Burr to use the island as the base of operations for his controversial military exhibition. Labeled as a conspiracy by some, the Blennerhassetts fled down the Ohio River to escape when militia invaded the island.</p><br>
<p>The Col du Parpaillon is a pass in the Cottian Alps of southern France in the Parpaillon massif. It connects La Condamine-Châtelard, the Ubaye Valley in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department with Crévoux, Embrun in Hautes-Alpes. The crest of the pass rises to 2,780 m.</p><br>
<p>The Parpaillon Tunnel is located below the pass at an elevation of 2,637 m. It was built by the French Army starting in 1891, with work on the road and tunnel lasting until 1911, although the tunnel was completed in 1901. The arched tunnel is 520 m in length. It is closed at either end with metal doors. The approach road is not paved and is closed in winter. The curved tunnel is among the highest in Europe.</p><br>
<p>The location was considered a strategic point as early as the 18th century. From 1692 to 1694, work proceeded on a military road suitable for artillery, at the urging of General d&#39;Usson. The 19th century military road connects the Fort de Tournoux complex of fortifications to Embrun and points north.</p><br>
<p>Luc Moullet&#39;s 1992 film Parpaillon describes a bicycle journey over the pass.</p><br>
<p>The Houserville Site is an archaeological site located near State College in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. Used as a stone workshop by prehistoric Native Americans ten thousand years ago, it has been recognized as a prime candidate for prehistoric preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Located in College Township near the community of Houserville, the site lies on the summit and sides of a knoll above Slab Cabin Run. Before white settlement of the Nittany Valley, areas such as the Houserville Site were typically occupied by hardwood forests, but the site has been cultivated since the nineteenth century. Recent decades have seen increasing development in the Houserville vicinity and a consequent reduction in agriculture.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>In 1978, an archaeological survey conducted by Pennsylvania State University identified the Houserville Site, along with several other sites along Slate Cabin Run. Excavation at the site began in 1979 under the supervision of a Pennsylvania State anthropologist; initial work concluded that it was once the site of a lithic reduction workshop during the Early and Middle Archaic periods; the site is believed to have been used between 8000 and 3500 BC. It is believed that yellow jasper, often called "Bald Eagle Jasper," was mined and heated at Tudek before being transported to Houserville, approximately 1.5 km to the east.</p><br>
<h2>Conclusions</h2><br>
<p>Post excavation analysis of the Houserville Site concentrated on discoveries such as projectile points, stone tools such as scrapers and drills, and over seven hundred lithic flakes. It was concluded that the sites were typically occupied by transient groups primarily engaged in recovering and processing Bald Eagle Jasper. The Tudek and Houserville sites were clearly used for different purposes: while a wide range of tools and flakes was discovered at Houserville, such objects were noticeably absent from Tudek. The presence of these objects has been understood to indicate that groups camping at the site engaged in activities aside from stoneworking, such as hunting and the processing of animal hides.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania State University archaeologists have concluded that the information gathered from the Houserville Site is key to understanding central Pennsylvanias Archaic period. Objects made of Bald Eagle Jasper have been discovered at many locations in the region; consequently, the identification of the source of this type of stone may clarify the nature of the areas trade routes. Moreover, access to these sites may enable archaeologists to understand better the limitations of Bald Eagle Jasper and the reasons for its abandonment by later cultures. Finally, as cultural changes typically accompanied advances in lithic technology in early Native American societies, the evidence provided by the Houserville Site may clarify the development of Early and Middle Archaic society in central Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>In 1986, the Houserville Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its archaeological value, four years after the Tudek Site was accorded a similar status.</p><br>
<p>Hascall Hall is a historic institutional building located on the campus of Colgate University at Hamilton in Madison County, New York. It was built in 1884 and is a two story stone building with brick trim measuring 40 feet by 70 feet. An addition was completed in 1906. The original section features a hipped roof of slate, eyebrow windows, and a large semicircular archway entrance.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as the Old Biology Hall. It shares its Richardsonian Romanesque architectural style with the Colgate Administration Building.</p><br>
<p>Probably the most significant science student ever to attend classes in this building, referred to commonly as "Old Bio", was Oswald Avery, class of 1900, who discovered that DNA was responsible for the transference of genetic information while later working on carefully executed experiments at the Rockefeller Institute on specimens of pneumonia found in victims of the 1918 flu outbreak. Although not well known for his work, he is credited with one of the most significant discoveries of the 20th century. Many people confuse Crick and Watson with the discovery of DNA, but in fact they discovered the helical structure and not the existence and purpose of DNA.</p><br>
<p>After Olin hall was built at the end of the Colgate quadrangle for the biological sciences, "Old Bio" was used as an art studio in the 1970s. It was slated for demolition in 1975 but students protested around the rallying cry "Save Old Bio." T-shirts for protesters to wear during protests were printed in the "Old Bio" art studios. The protests were successful and the building was preserved. The interior was later renovated, converted back into small classrooms, and renamed Hascall Hall. The building is now home to Colgate&#39;s Philosophy department.</p><br>
<p>Zavratnica is a 900 m long narrow inlet located at the foot of the mighty Velebit|Velebit</p><br>
<p>Mountains, in the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, 1 km south of Jablanac, Croatia. Regarded as one of the major tourist attractions of the northern coastal area because of its beauty, Zavratnica was designated a protected landscape in 1964.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Zavratnica is 50–150 m wide, with a narrow entrance, and up to 100 m sides which are very steep. It only resembles a fjord. Its geological origin is very different from the formation of fjords. A mountain stream became flooded as the surface of the sea rose (transgression after the last ice age), and so a cove was formed quite similar in appearance to a fjord.</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Commercial Historic District in Muscatine, Iowa is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. At that time, it included 93 contributing buildings, one other contributing object, and 18 non-contributing buildings. The city of Muscatine was established as Bloomington in 1836. The original town was built on land that is generally flat along the Mississippi River. Residential areas were located on the surrounding hills. Commercial and industrial interests developed on the flatter land near the river. Muscatines commercial and industrial center had developed in a 12-block area along Front Street, now Mississippi Drive, and 2nd Street between Pine Street and Mulberry Street by 1874. This area, represented by the Downtown Commercial Historic District, is the citys original commercial area. Within its boundaries is a large number of 19th-century commercial buildings, many of which were modified in the first half of the 20th century.</p><br>
<h2>Contributing properties</h2><br>
<p>Two of the contributing properties are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places:</p><br>
<p>Trinity Episcopal Church</p><br>
<p>Welch Apartments</p><br>
<p>The Downtown Commercial District in Bowling Green, Kentucky is a historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979. In 1979, it included 113 buildings deemed to contribute to the historic character of the area.</p><br>
<p>A few of the district&#39;s buildings are:</p><br>
<p>Combs Building (from last 25 years of 1800s), 908 State Street, a -story brick commercial building</p><br>
<p>Greer Building (from last 25 years of 1800s), 910 and 912 State Street, two-story six-bay building with metal cornice</p><br>
<p>Garvin Building (from last 25 years of 1800s), 918 State Street, a three-story Italianate building with original metal cornice</p><br>
<p>T. C. Mitchell Building (1903), 926-928 State Street, -story seven-bay brick building with molded brick cornice</p><br>
<p>The district was listed as part of a review of historic resources in Warren County.</p><br>
<p>Bethel Academy was the first Methodist school established in the United States west of the Appalachian Mountains. Established by Francis Asbury in 1790, the school operated in present-day Jessamine County, Kentucky until 1805.</p><br>
<h2>Establishment</h2><br>
<p>In 1789, Methodists in Kentucky (then the western part of the state of Virginia) appealed to Bishop Asbury for assistance in establishing a school. Asbury promised aid conditional upon his memorialists&#39; ability to secure at least 5,000 acre of land. Accordingly, he embarked for Kentucky in the spring of 1790, reaching Lexington on the 12th of May. After meeting with local Methodists and establishing the Kentucky Conference, Asbury departed for Jessamine County.</p><br>
<p>There he met with Thomas Lewis, who donated sufficient land to found the school. With the assistance of Francis Poythress and John Metcalf, Asbury completed arrangements for the school. Founded in 1790 under the name of Bethel Academy, it was the first Methodist school in the United States west of the Appalachians, and the second in the nation.</p><br>
<h2>Years of operation</h2><br>
<p>Poythress directed the construction of the school building on the land given by Lewis. Located on bluffs overlooking a bend in the Kentucky River, near where the late-19th century High Bridge was constructed, the three-story structure sat in a prominent location. It was described by a later writer as strikingly beautiful and convenient for the establishment of a community. The school was completed in time for classes in 1794, with John Metcalf appointed as principal. The school was incorporated by an act of the Kentucky legislature in 1798. Both before and after it opened, Bethel was a center of Methodism in central Kentucky. It hosted a return visit by Asbury in 1792 (during which time he advocated for its support), and the Kentucky Conference met at the school in 1797. The school was frequently in competition with Transylvania Academy, then a Presbyterian school.</p><br>
<h2>Later history and closure</h2><br>
<p>In 1803, Principal Metcalf moved to Nicholasville in the center of the county, where he opened a school under the name of "Bethel Academy." After this time, the original Bethel was reduced to a less significant status; it continued under the oversight of Nathaniel Harris until closure in 1805.</p><br>
<p>Metcalf&#39;s school flourished for several decades, attaining renown as a private school of high quality. By the end of the nineteenth century, after years of extended agricultural depression reduced private wealth in the region, the school was turned over to the state and converted into a public school. When John Wesley Hughes established a Methodist college in the nearby community of Wilmore in 1890, his choice of the name Asbury College was partially inspired by the history of Bethel Academy.</p><br>
<p>The site of Bethel Academy was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 as an archaeological site. This reflects the existence of the school building long after its closure; as late as 1898, the site could be found without difficulty. Its ruins were still easily visible.</p><br>
<p>The South Congregational Church is a former Congregational and United Church of Christ church building complex located on the intersection of Court and President Streets in Carroll Gardens, Brooklyn, New York City. The complex consisting of a church, original chapel, ladies parlour and rectory was landmarked by the Landmarks Preservation Commission on March 23, 1983. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The chapel was built 1851 and the church in 1857. The ladies parlor was built in 1889 to designs by English-American architect Frederick Charles Merry (d.1900) and the rectory building in 1893 to designs by architect Woodruff Leeming. The church is noteworthy as one of Brooklyn’s finest examples of the Early Romanesque Revival architectural style. The designers of the chapel and church remain unknown. In 1874, the Rev. Dr. Albert Josiah Lyman became pastor of the South Church, Brooklyn, which church he served for forty-one years.</p><br>
<p>The location is believed to have been selected by the famous preacher and abolitionist Henry Ward Beecher, father to author Harriet Beecher Stowe.</p><br>
<p>Amstel House, also known as Dr. Finney House, is a preserved building in New Castle, Delaware, United States. 19th century New Castle&#39;s decline meant that many owners of homes could no longer afford to make changes to them, which is why so many buildings were preserved. That changed, however, when New Castle was "rediscovered" during the Colonial Revival phase of the 1920s and 1930s and old buildings began to be torn down and replaced by new construction.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, to protect New Castles heritage, a group of concerned citizens raised funds to buy the Amstel House, which faced an uncertain fate. This was the towns first formal preservation effort. Shortly thereafter the group evolved into the New Castle Historical Society which, in the 75 years that have followed, has worked closely with the city and other civic organizations to save, preserve and restore many of the town&#39;s historic architectural treasures.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<p>Cape Myōgane is a cape located on the border of Futtsu and Kyonan, Chiba, Japan, where Mount Nokogiri on its western end precipitously falls into the Uraga Channel to Tokyo Bay.</p><br>
<p>Cape Myōgane marked the eastern border between Awa Province and Kazusa Province in pre-modern Japan. The area surrounding the cape is mountainous and known from early times as an area difficult to traverse by land. Cape Myōgane, due to its strategic location over the Uraga Channel, was also a noted defensive position. By the Meiji period (1868–1912) one tunnel was constructed near the cape to allow easier passage in the area. A railroad tunnel was completed in 1917 under the area between Cape Myōgane and Mount Nokogiri. Now called the Nokogiriyama Tunnel, it spans 1.251 km and allows the JR East Uchibō Line to connect Soga Station in Chiba City to cities in the south of the Bōsō Peninsula. Cape Myōgane, due to its strategic location over the Uraga Channel, was also a noted defensive position. Currently three tunnels (Motona, Shiofuki and Myōgane) allow safe passage by road via National Route 127.</p><br>
<p>Cape Myōgane is known as a particularly rich fishing area. At the beginning of the Edo period (1603–1868) the Tokugawa shogunate took direct control of the fisheries of the area at and around near Cape Myōgane, and designated Tateyama to the south as a market and shipping point for marine products to the Edo capitol. The cape continues to be a popular spot for amateur fishing.</p><br>
<p>Karatoula  is a village in the municipal unit of Oleni, central Elis, Greece. Karatoula was the seat of the former municipality of Oleni. It is situated in a wide valley between hills, at about 90 m elevation. Karatoula is 1 km north of Magoula, 2 km west of Oleni , 2 km east of Charia, 13 km northwest of Olympia and 11 km northeast of Pyrgos. The river Alyseios, also known as Karatoulaiko Potami, flows west of the village.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to book references, the ancient town Amphidolis was located at the site of present Karatoula.</p><br>
<p>Ottoman Years:</p><br>
<p>Karatoula was the largest village of Oleni region and almost at the center of many other small villages, at the time. It had an "Agas" administrative seat. The name of its first Agas was Kara-Toulas, hence the name of the village changed to Karatoula. Agas built his residence palace in the eastern part of the village on the dominant hill, the ruins of which survive even today, next to house Theodore Theodorakopoulos, doctor.</p><br>
<p>Karatoula as adjoining the Episkopin Olena, and as relations with their respective bishops, had a high influence on all the passages of Oleni.</p><br>
<p>In the northern part of the village and spaced about twenty minutes there was small underground church. Ruins are preserved today under the name "Agios Dimitrios".</p><br>
<p>Karatoula gave brave warriors under the leadership of Pierros and Davouras, who met with other soldiers rising for Poussi Greek troops and took part in the battle Bodine.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<p>The Tudek Site is an archaeological site located near State College in Centre County, Pennsylvania, United States. Used as a stone quarry by prehistoric Native Americans ten thousand years ago, it has been recognized as a prime candidate for prehistoric preservation.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Located in College Township west of the community of Houserville, the site lies in rolling hills along Orchard Road. Before white settlement of the Nittany Valley, areas such as the Tudek Site were typically occupied by hardwood forests, but the site has been cultivated since the nineteenth century. Recent decades have seen increasing development in the Houserville vicinity and a consequent reduction in agriculture.</p><br>
<h2>Excavation</h2><br>
<p>In 1978, an archaeological survey conducted by Pennsylvania State University identified multiple sites along and above Slab Cabin Run, With the pressure of anticipated highway construction through the site, an archaeological investigation at the site began in May 1980; its findings included a wide range of types of jasper of a type known as "Bald Eagle Jasper." Two months later, a more detailed excavation commenced; it revealed a very high concentration of approximately 350 artifacts per cubic meter. Tudek has been dated to the Early and Middle Archaic periods, or approximately 8000 to 3500 BC. While no dateable projectile points and stone tools were found at the site, the Houserville Site has been so dated by the presence of such artifacts, and it is believed that the two sites were used contemporaneously. It is believed that the yellow Bald Eagle Jasper was mined and heated at Tudek before being transported to Houserville, approximately 1.5 km to the east.</p><br>
<h2>Conclusions</h2><br>
<p>Post-excavation analysis of Tudek and Houserville has concluded that the sites were typically occupied by transient groups primarily engaged in recovering and processing Bald Eagle Jasper. The Tudek and Houserville sites were clearly used for different purposes: while a wide range of tools and flakes was discovered at Houserville, such objects were noticeably absent from Tudek. The presence of these objects has been understood to indicate that the Archaic peoples who used the quarries would remain at Tudek only long enough to mine their jasper before returning to their campsites at Houserville. Little processing was carried out at Tudek; the objects produced were rough stone blocks, ready for shaping elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Pennsylvania State University archaeologists have concluded that the information gathered from the Tudek Site is key to understanding central Pennsylvanias Archaic period. Objects made of Bald Eagle Jasper have been discovered at many locations in the region; consequently, the identification of the source of this type of stone may clarify the nature of the areas trade routes. Moreover, access to these sites may enable archaeologists to understand better the limitations of Bald Eagle Jasper and the reasons for its abandonment by later cultures. Finally, as cultural changes typically accompanied advances in lithic technology in early Native American societies, the evidence provided by the Houserville Site may clarify the development of Early and Middle Archaic society in central Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, the Tudek Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in recognition of its archaeological value. Four years later, the Houserville Site was accorded a similar status.</p><br>
<p>The J.W. Knapp Company Building is a historic five-story, 190,000 ft&sup2; Streamline Moderne building in Lansing, Michigan, United States. Designed by Orlie Munson of the Bowd–Munson Company, which also designed several other Art Deco landmarks in Lansing, including the Ottawa Street Power Station, it was constructed by the Christman Company in 1937 through 1938. The curvilinear look of the streamlined structure comes from huge plates of concrete faced with enamel, called "Maul Macotta", a copyrighted product of the Maul Macotta Company and prismatic glass brick windows. Alternating horizontal bands of yellow macotta and glass block are interrupted by vertical blue macotta pylons, rising from the building&#39;s four principal entrances. The pylons are pierced by windows. The entrance portals, display window aprons, and decorative banding are dark blue macotta. Red, yellow and blue spandrels, incorporating the letter "K" as a design element, decorate the entrance portals.</p><br>
<p>The building housed the main department store of the Lansing-based J.W. Knapp Company. When completed in 1939, it was hailed in the contemporary press as "the most modern building in the Midwest". Today, it is considered to be one of the finest intact examples of Streamline Art Moderne commercial buildings in the Midwest, notable for its size, clarity of design and brilliant colors. The western end of the building was enlarged in 1949.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 21, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Eyde Company, a local developer, purchased the building in 1983, and converted most of its selling floors to state government offices, renaming it the "Knapps Center". The state offices moved out in 2003. During the holiday season, the storefront windows are used by the MSU Museum to display historic Santa Claus advertising cutouts in connection with the citys Silver Bells Parade.</p><br>
<p>Various proposals for redevelopment of the building were considered, During the 2008–2009 academic year, the Michigan State University interior design program used the redevelopment of the building as the basis for its senior thesis. Resulting proposals included a variety of commercial and residential uses.</p><br>
<p>In 2010, plans were announced to redevelop the building for mixed residential, office and commercial use, subject to obtaining necessary governmental permits and obtaining tax credits, loans and grants, with construction initially planned to commence in 2011 and to be completed in 2013. The bands of glass block which give the building an external appearance of lightness, present a barrier to redevelopment due to the lack of outside views for prospective tenants. The redevelopment proposals include cutting a four-story glass atrium covered with a skylight from the second through fifth floors to give the interior more light, as well as replacement of the Maul Macotta panels, which have suffered water damage due to a design flaw in the metal banding not apparent in 1937 when they were installed, with modern metal or concrete counterparts. Construction eventually began in December 2012, with a 14-month construction schedule and a $36.5 million budget. The construction is now completed, and the building is home to numerous offices, shops, and apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Bristol Commercial Historic District is a national historic district in Bristol, Tennessee and Bristol, Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The district encompasses 83 contributing buildings in the central business district of Bristol. The district straddles the Tennessee-Virginia border. The area was developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries contains primarily two- and three-story masonry commercial buildings constructed from ca. 1890 to the early 1950s. Notable buildings include the Y.M.C.A (c. 1905), H.P. King Department Store (c. 1905), Reynolds Arcade (1925), Bristol Grocery Company building (c. 1915), Service Mills Company buildings (1922), E.W. King Manufacturing Company (1913), Cameo Theater (1930), Bristol, Virginia Post Office (1933), Central Building (1945), and McCrory&#39;s Department Store (1951). The First National Bank of Bristol (1905), US Post Office-Shelby Street Station (1900), and Paramount Theatre and Office Building (1929-1930) are separately listed.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, and was slightly increased in size in 2017.</p><br>
<p>The Commercial Historic District in Potlatch, Idaho was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986. In 1986, it included seven contributing buildings and a contributing object. It includes work by architect C. Ferris White and work by A.M. Homes.</p><br>
<p>It includes seven buildings of the administrative center of historic Potlatch, which was a company town of the Potlatch Lumber Company, plus some additional objects. Specifically, it includes:</p><br>
<p>Washington. Idaho and Montana Railway Depot (1906), a two-story west-facing building, the first major building completed in Potlatch, designed by C. Ferris White</p><br>
<p>Gymnasium building (1916), a two-story frame building designed by architect A. M. Holmes, the largest building in Potlatch. Southfacing, with a gambrel roof, it has an open porch on its east, south, and west sides supported by 16 Doric columns.</p><br>
<p>Implement Store, a two-story frame building with a gambrel roof. Served as storage warehouse for the lumber company&#39;s Townsite Department, the maintenance department for the town.</p><br>
<p>Administrative Office (1917), a two-and-one-half-story frame building which was the main administrative office building for the lumber company, and in the 1950s became city hall.</p><br>
<p>Storage Building, a two-and-one-half-story building with a metal roof on a concrete foundation</p><br>
<p>Produce Cellar (1910 or 1911), with capacity for 25 railroad carloads, a 40 ft by 60 ft structure built into the side oif a hill, with brick walls and a metal gambrel roof.</p><br>
<p>Creamery (probably 1906), a one-story building with a hipped metal roof, sided with clapboard, west-facing, adjacent to the depot building to its south.</p><br>
<p>a large boulder monument to William Deary</p><br>
<p>Engine 1 of the Washington, Idaho and Montana Railway.</p><br>
<p>The city of Potlatch offers a free walking tour guide, "A Walking Tour of the Potlatch Commercial District" at the city hall, at 195 6th Street. The guide is provided by the Potlatch Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Henderson Commercial Historic District in Henderson, Texas is a 25 acre historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. In 1995, it included 39 contributing buildings and two other contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>Its NRHP nomination states:</p><br>
<p>Most, but not all, of the buildings postdate the opening of East Texas Oil Field in 1931, which ushered in a brief, yet intense construction boom in the district. These properties convey a sttong sense of this era in the districts past and represent a significant part of the areas physical and historical character. This category includes mostly One and Two Part Commercial Block buildings that share many of the same general physical characteristics, such as rectangular building footprints, masonry construction, and 3-bay storefronts, that are associated with their respective broad property type groupings. However, stylistic ornamentation on facades is an effective method of distinguishing buildings in this period of construction from earlier counterparts.</p><br>
<p>An example of a "One Part Commercial Block building" from the 1920s is the Chamberlain Chevrolet Building at 125 S. Main St.</p><br>
<p>Old Main was the first building built on the campus of the Agricultural College of Utah, now Utah State University. It sits at the top of Old Main Hill, overlooking the city of Logan to the west, and facing the quad to the east. Old Main is the oldest functioning academic building in Utah.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>After rejecting a site on the Providence bench south of town, the Board of Trustees for the new college met in Logan on March 26, 1889 to discuss the placement of buildings on a hillside and plot of land donated by the Logan City Council. The Board approved the current site unanimously, and on April 15, selected the proposal of architect C. L. Thompson for a "College Building" to be constructed. Excavation began and the cornerstone was laid on July 27, 1889, and the south wing of the building was completed on February 22, 1890.</p><br>
<p>The original building cost $20,305 and spanned 270 by 100 feet. The plans were soon redrawn by Logan architect Karl Conrad Schaub, however, and the central wing was expanded substantially, whereas under Thompson&#39;s plans, it had served merely as a hallway between the north and south wings. The entirety of the building was finished by 1902, with the front door originally facing west, overlooking the Cache Valley. At this time, the building contained the entirety of the college. Over the years, as campus has expanded, portions of the building have served many purposes, ranging from classrooms to administration to a makeshift hospital during the Spanish Flu epidemic in 1919. In its history, the building has housed nearly every department on campus.</p><br>
<p>A single hand-rung bell was installed in Old Main tower in 1904, and additional bells were added in 1914 and 1915. Though the originals were replaced with an electronic carillon in 1978, the tower continues to chime at 15-minute intervals throughout each day.</p><br>
<p>Old Main was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. In 1984 the building suffered a major fire, but was restored and rebuilt quickly.</p><br>
<h3>Current usage</h3><br>
<p>In addition to university administration and many central offices, Old Main currently houses the main offices for the College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, and many of its departments, such as history, political science, foreign languages, philosophy, sociology, social work, and anthropology. It additionally houses the entirety of the department of Computer Science.</p><br>
<h3>"A" Light</h3><br>
<p>The first block "A" light was USUs first senior gift, awarded by the graduating class of 1909. It measures 12 by 14 feet and originally contained 146 candlelight bulbs. The original A was affixed to the west side of the tower, so as to be seen throughout the entire valley, and the remaining three As were added to the tower in later years. The "A" can be seen for miles around, shining white on most nights, and blue on special nights such as Homecoming and Commencement, and when athletic teams have been victorious.</p><br>
<p>The A also serves as an alternative to the mountainside letters which represent many colleges and high schools throughout the state of Utah. Various student-led campaigns throughout the universitys history have sought to construct a block "A" on one of many nearby mountains, most notably in 1947 and again in the 2000s. A compromise following the 1947 initiative led to the construction of a temporary A on the mountain south of Logan Canyon that was illuminated for special events during the 1950s and 60s, as the state&#39;s permanent fixtures were deemed "tacky".</p><br>
<p>During the summer of 2010 the A was upgraded to use LED technology. Both the white and blue lights are now more brilliant.</p><br>
<p>The Gamma Phi Beta Sorority House is a historic sorority house located at the University of Illinois at Urbana&ndash;Champaign in Urbana, Illinois. The house was built in 1918 for the universitys Omicron chapter of the Gamma Phi Beta sorority, which was formed in 1909 as the Phi Beta Club and officially made part of the national sorority in 1913. During its early years, the chapter was noted for the academic success of its members, its promotion of womens issues on campus, and its social activities. The sororitys house was part of an emerging sorority district in Urbana; while the universitys fraternity row was in Champaign, the Urbana site was closer to the womens dormitory and gymnasium and thus more attractive for sororities. In 1927, during a growth period for the universitys Greek-letter organizations, architecture firm Hewitt, Emerson & Gregg designed and built a Georgian Revival expansion of the sorority&#39;s original duplex house.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 28, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Emanuel Lutheran Church of Montra is a historic church in Jackson Township, Shelby County, Ohio, United States. Located in the unincorporated community of Montra, north-northeast of the county seat of Sidney, it is the congregation&#39;s second building.</p><br>
<p>Montra was platted in 1849, but five years passed before any buildings were erected at the site. St. Emanuel&#39;s Lutheran Church was organized in a Montra storeroom in 1860 with a membership of sixteen families. The congregation worshipped in this storeroom until the completion of their first church on the eastern edge of the community in the autumn of 1862; this building measured 40 ft by 30 ft and was built at a cost of $700. Fire destroyed this building in 1874, leaving the congregation homeless for several months. A replacement church was erected on the site of the old during the summer of 1875; a frame structure like its predecessor, the new church cost measured 50 ft by 40 ft and was built at a cost of $1,800. It was officially dedicated in October 1875. Built on a stone foundation, the white wooden building is topped with a steeple and features five windows on each side.</p><br>
<p>In 1982, Emanuel Lutheran Church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a property that had made significant contributions to American history. Today, Emanuel is an active congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. According to the denomination&#39;s most recent published statistics, the congregation had 190 members and an average Sunday worship attendance of 51 in 2006.</p><br>
<p>McKenzie Lake is a lake in South Algonquin, Nipissing District and Hastings Highlands, Hastings County in Ontario, Canada, about 14 km south of the community of Madawaska. The settlement of McKenzie Lake is on the north shore of the lake.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>McKenzie Lake is in the St. Lawrence River drainage basin, is about 3.5 km long and 1.1 km wide and lies at an elevation of 395 m. It is roughly L-shaped, with the long axis running south-southwest to north-northwest, and the smaller extension running to the south.</p><br>
<p>The primary inflows are the east and west branches of Moore Creek at the east and northwest respectively. There are three unnamed creek secondary inflows, one at the northeast from Turf Lake that enters only a few tens of meters north of the Moore Creek inflow, a second roughly centered along the south coast from North Chainy Lake, and a third in the extreme southern tip from Lake St. Peter (Ontario).</p><br>
<p>The primary outflow is also known as Moore Creek, running outwards from the extreme northern tip of the lake north towards Moore Lake, which flows into the Madawaska River, and via the Ottawa River into the St. Lawrence River.</p><br>
<p>The lake is almost entirely in South Algonquin, Nipissing District, except for the southwestern tip, which is in Hastings Highlands, Hastings County.</p><br>
<p>RailsWest Railroad Museum is a railroad museum operated by the Historical Society of Pottawattamie County at 16th Avenue and South Main Street and illustrates the history of railroads in Council Bluffs, Iowa.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The museum is housed inside a Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad passenger depot that was also used by the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific. The depot is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Passenger Depot and also has been known as just Rock Island Depot.</p><br>
<p>The depot opened in 1899 and would become a daily stop for the Rocky Mountain Rocket, Midwest Hiawatha, the Arrow, and Corn Belt Rocket before the end of passenger service in 1971. Similar Rock Island passenger depots were also constructed in Iowa City, Iowa and Ottawa, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>Museum</h2><br>
<p>RailsWest includes historical exhibits on the eight railroads that served the community along with displays on the Railway Mail Service and an extensive HO scale model railroad. Adjacent to the historic depot are Union Pacific locomotive 814 and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy locomotive 915, Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad and Chicago, Burlington and Quincy cabooses, a 1953 switch engine built by the Plymouth Locomotive Works, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Omaha lounge car, a Union Pacific boxcar, and Union Pacific Railway Post Office car 5908. RailsWest is adjacent to tracks of the Union Pacific, BNSF, and Iowa Interstate Railroad with a fenced-in area for railfanning.</p><br>
<p>Anstruther Lake is a lake in the township of North Kawartha, Peterborough County, Ontario, Canada, between the community of Apsley on Ontario Highway 28 8.5 km to the east and the community of Catchacoma on Ontario Highway 507 8.5 km to the west. Kawartha Highlands Provincial Park encompasses the lake, and the community of Anstruther Lake is on the southern shore. The lake flows out via Anstruther Creek, and the Mississaugua, Otonabee and Trent rivers into Lake Ontario.</p><br>
<h2>Cottage life</h2><br>
<p>Approximately 230 cottages have been built on the lake. Partial road access. 25 town houses were recently built at The Landing marina. Fishing is reportedly good, though not as good as the uninhabited lakes upstream. The Anstruther Lake Cottager&#39;s Association hosts an annual regatta (Civic Holiday) and corn roast (Labour Day). There is a Marina is on this lake to provide gas, boat services and necessities.</p><br>
<p>St Clement Danes was a civil parish in the metropolitan area of London, England. The parish was split between the Liberty of Westminster and the Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster. Much of the former parish is now occupied by the site of the London School of Economics and the Strand, in the extreme southeast of the City of Westminster.</p><br>
<h2>Toponymy</h2><br>
<p>It took its name from the dedication of the church of St Clement Danes. It is recorded in the early 12th century as parochia Sancti Clementis ecclesie Dacorum or the parish of St Clements church of the Danes&#39;. The name suggests there were Danes living in the area, to the west of the City of London.</p><br>
<h2>Governance</h2><br>
<p>It was an ancient parish and was partly within the Liberty of Westminster and partly within the Ossulstone hundred of Middlesex. The Ossulstone section formed part of the Liberty of the Duchy of Lancaster. The parish was included in the returns of the Bills of mortality from 1604.</p><br>
<p>In 1826 the stocks belonging to the parish, situated in Portugal Street were removed and destroyed. They were thought to be the last remaining in London.</p><br>
<p>The parish was grouped into the Strand District in 1855 when it came within the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works. In 1889 the parish became part of the County of London and in 1900 it became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. It was abolished as a civil parish in 1922.</p><br>
<h2>Hospital</h2><br>
<p>Kings College Hospital was originally opened in 1840 in the disused St Clement Danes parish workhouse in Portugal Street, as a training facility where medical students of Kings College London could practice and receive instruction from the college&#39;s own professors. The surrounding area there was composed of overcrowded slums characterised by poverty and disease and the hospital was treating 1,290 inpatients in 120 beds, with two patients sharing a bed by no means unusual. The hospital later moved to its present site in Denmark Hill.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The parish consisted of two separate sections, both fronting the River Thames.</p><br>
<p>The main part was in the east adjacent to the Liberty of the Rolls and the Temple area of the City of London. To the west it had a boundary with St Mary le Strand. To the north it was bounded by St Martin in the Fields and in the west the boundary was with St Giles in the Fields.</p><br>
<p>The western detached part was located between the Precinct of the Savoy and the parish of St Martin in the Fields.</p><br>
<p>The Blue Mountain Fire Observation Station is a historic fire observation station located on Blue Mountain at Indian Lake in Hamilton County, New York. The station includes a 35 ft, steel frame lookout tower erected in 1917, an observers cabin built in 1975, the remains of three observers cabins, remains of a radar station built in the 1960s, and remnants of telephone lines along the foot trail. There are four contributing resources: the tower, trail, remnants of a 1949 observer&#39;s cabin, and 1890s stone benchmark. The tower is a prefabricated structure built by the Aermotor Corporation and provided a front line of defense in preserving the Adirondack Forest Preserve from the hazards of forest fires.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Balsam Lake Mountain Fire Observation Station is located at the summit of the mountain of that name in the Town of Hardenburgh, New York, United States. It comprises a steel frame fire lookout tower, the observer&#39;s cabin and privy and the jeep road to the complex.</p><br>
<p>Balsam Lake Mountain, the westernmost of the Catskill High Peaks, was the site of the first fire lookout tower in New York in 1887, when a nearby sportsmen&#39;s club built it to protect their lands below the mountain. It was later taken over by the state, which built several towers culminating in the current one. The tower was manned until 1988.</p><br>
<p>After being closed for much of the 1990s, the tower was proposed for demolition as one of five remaining on state-owned Forest Preserve land in the Catskill Park. Hikers and local residents rallied to save it, and after the state&#39;s Department of Environmental Conservation changed its mind, it was restored and reopened. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001,</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The nominated property includes a 500 ft square area around the tower and the entire 3 mi jeep road to the summit from Mill Brook Road between Balsam Lake Mountain and Dry Brook Ridge, now marked as a hiking trail. This gives it a total of 10.9 acre of land, most of it owned by the state but some of it property of the descendants of Jay Gould, whose Furlow Lodge estate is in the area. The tower and road are considered contributing resources; three other buildings near the tower are related to it in function but are non-contributing.</p><br>
<p>The tower and other buildings are around a small clearing at the mountain&#39;s 3,723 ft summit. On all sides are boreal forest consisting of thick balsam fir and red spruce. This is the westernmost large stand of this kind of forest in the Catskills as no peaks west of Balsam Lake rise above 3,500 ft, the elevations where it is most commonly found.</p><br>
<p>The old road arrives from the east; a foot trail leaves the clearing to the south. Along much of its length the road is accompanied by old telephone poles and downed wire from the communication system that once served the tower. It follows red plastic markers down a winding course past a metal DEC gate at the boundary between public and private land to the northeast shoulder of the mountain at 3,300 ft. There it joins and follows another old road, now with the blue markers of the Dry Brook Ridge Trail, down to where it crosses paved Mill Brook Road.</p><br>
<p>The tower itself is 47+1/2 ft tall. It is a steel frame structure, anchored by bolts on surface plates into the exposed sedimentary bedrock at the summit, gradually sloping up to the enclosed cab at the top. Seven flights of steel stairs provide access from the ground.</p><br>
<p>Next to the tower, at the corner of the road and the summit clearing east of it, is the observer&#39;s cabin. It is a one-story batten-sided gable-roofed hut on a concrete foundation with a metal roof. Just inside the woods to the north is the wooden privy. In the summit clearing there is also a more contemporary wooden picnic table and, at the south end, the remains of an older foundation.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The tower was built, privately at first, to answer a public need. Later it became public property, even as that need declined. Since then it has found a new purpose.</p><br>
<h3>1885–1909: Establishment by Balsam Lake Club</h3><br>
<p>The forests of the Catskills generally (though not those around Balsam Lake and its neighboring peaks) had been heavily exploited over the course of the 19th century by various forest-product industries, particularly tanning, which depended on the bark of the eastern hemlock for tannin, and left many stands of peeled first-growth trees to rot and die when they had taken all the usable bark. Loggers harvested commercial-grade timber for furniture and made charcoal in open pits in the woods.</p><br>
<p>Many simply abandoned the lands they owned after they had made their money, leaving them to default to the counties in question, which then owed the unpaid property taxes to the state. The distressed forests also heightened the risk of forest fires and their attendant damage to local communities. In 1885 the Ulster County delegation to the state Assembly resolved both issues by getting the Catskills included with the Adirondacks in the new Forest Preserve. The county&#39;s forest lands were transferred to the state to be kept forever wild, and with state ownership came state supervision of fire protection efforts. Nine years later, that legislation would be incorporated into a new version of the state constitution as Article 14, with language closing all the loopholes business-friendly state regulators at the Forest Commission had been trying to use in the meantime.</p><br>
<p>In 1887, two years after the Forest Preserve was created, members of the Balsam Lake club who hunted and fished on its lands near the headwaters of the Beaver Kill south of the mountain, decided to build a tower on the summit to detect fires early. A crew of workmen supervised by the club&#39;s warden built a small tower from trees cut near the summit.</p><br>
<p>That tower stood until 1901, when members of the club went to the summit and found it destroyed by a fire, the probable result of a lightning strike. A new tower, 35 ft in height, was built to replace it in 1905. The members of the Balsam Lake club continued to maintain and staff it until 1909, when the states Forest, Fish and Game Commission (FFGC), a predecessor agency to todays Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC), took over the tower.</p><br>
<h3>1909–1970: Public use</h3><br>
<p>Following destructive fires during severe droughts earlier in the decade, FFGC supervisor Hames Whipple had turned to towers as a means of fire detection, since the previous methods of ground patrols had not been successful. He had done so after consulting with E.E. Ring, manager of Maine&#39;s state forestry agency, who had put up nine at locations around that state. "In my opinion," Ring wrote him, "one man located at a station will do far more effectual work in discovering and locating fires than a hundred men already patrolling."</p><br>
<p>The Balsam Lake tower joined those already operated by the state in the Catskills on Belleayre and Hunter mountains. Because of its height compared to the peaks to its west in Delaware County, it offered an excellent vantage point from which to spot fires in that area as well as its immediate surroundings in Ulster County. Views were unobstructed for 12 - in all directions.</p><br>
<p>After taking over, the FFGC spent $38 ($ in modern dollars) repairing the tower. The state also added a dedicated telephone line along a truck road it built connecting to Mill Brook Road at the north so the observers stationed at the tower would not have to hike to the tower from the clubs very remote location at the end of a long road up an isolated river valley. In its first year, according to the commissions annual report, observers spotted fires as far away as Fallsburg and Liberty in Sullivan County and in the Shawangunks, far to the south and southeast.</p><br>
<p>In 1918, the state replaced the crude shelter for observers, described by one as a "shanty", with a more permanent cabin. The next year the open wooden tower the club had built was replaced with a 47+1/2 ft Aermotor steel tower.</p><br>
<p>Mike Todd, the observer from the time the cabin was constructed until 1947, was sometimes able to spot fires as far away as Northeastern Pennsylvania, many miles to the southwest. During his tenure he claimed to have shot over 900 porcupines chewing on the cabin to prevent damage. He also took black bears around the tower and on his drive up.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1960s the state replaced the 1918 cabin with the current one. Unlike older observer&#39;s cabins in the Forest Preserve, the one on Balsam Lake lacks a porch. This was the most significant change to any aspect of the fire tower complex after the construction of the current tower.</p><br>
<p>Another observer, Larry Baker, ended a search and rescue operation in 1968. He found some missing Boy Scouts from Long Island who had gotten separated from their group, a short distance from the tower at the lean-to near the south end of the summit.</p><br>
<h3>1971–present: Decline and restoration</h3><br>
<p>From 1971 onwards, Catskill forest historian Michael Kudish describes the Balsam Lake tower as being manned "primarily for the entertainment of hikers". One of those was CBS News anchorman Dan Rather, who owns property in Hardenburgh and, observer Tim Hinkley recalls, came up with his daughter one day in 1988. Later that year Hinkley became the Balsam Lake Mountain fire tower&#39;s last observer as it was closed. Three years later, with the closure of the Red Hill fire tower in the southern Catskills after a brief reopening due to severe drought, the fire tower era ended.</p><br>
<p>The tower remained, its lower flight removed in 1993 to prevent public access. Hikers continued to climb it for the views from the steps, but it was no longer maintained and subject to deterioration. In 1990 George Profous, a DEC forester, wrote in a draft planning document that the Red Hill tower, one of the five left in the Catskill Park along with Balsam Lake, should be dismantled as no longer in conformance with state management guidelines for Forest Preserve lands. He hoped that public opposition would emerge and save the remaining towers, which it did.</p><br>
<p>The Catskill Center for Conservation and Development and DEC helped the communities near the fire towers form the Catskill Fire Tower Restoration Project. Volunteers in the area raised $16,000 through benefit concerts and art exhibits. DEC employees and AmeriCorps volunteers began restoring the tower in 1999, putting in new stairs and a new roof and windows for the cab. After new ironwork was installed, the tower reopened in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>The tower today</h2><br>
<p>Its views have been described as the finest from any Catskill fire tower, and it is a common destination for hikers. Aspiring members of the Catskill Mountain 3500 Club come because the peak is required for membership, other hikers come to complete the Adirondack/Catskill Fire Tower Challenge, and some come just for the view from the tower itself.</p><br>
<p>It can be approached from three directions. The two most common use the Dry Brook Ridge Trail, blazed with blue plastic markers, to connect to the red-blazed Balsam Lake Mountain Trail, which makes a short loop across the summit. South of the fire tower it connects to the yellow-blazed Mill Brook Ridge Trail, which offers a longer approach from the west over that mountain.</p><br>
<p>The northern approach, the most popular, the highest trailhead in the Catskills at 2,580 ft. It is longer but less of a climb In 1998 the Mill Brook Ridge Trail was built. It starts from the west end of Alder Lake near Turnwood and runs 6.7 mi to a junction with the Balsam Lake Mountain Trail 0.1 mi south of the fire tower. It is considered the most ambitious route</p><br>
<p>Graham and Doubletop mountains, Balsam Lake&#39;s higher neighbors to the east, dominate the view from the fire tower, with Slide, the highest Catskill peak, between them in clear weather. In the best of conditions the Blackhead Range at the northeast corner of the Catskills is visible as well. To the north Dry Brook Ridge appears as a single peak rather than a long ridge, with Bearpen, highest peak in New York outside the Forest Preserve, visible in clear weather. Westward Woodpecker Ridge and the eastern summit of Mill Brook Ridge are closest, and in the distance the view looks down on the lower peaks in eastern Delaware County, with Mount Pisgah, home to Ski Bobcat, standing out above most of them. South the view takes in the Beaver Kill Range, with Peekamoose, Table and Red Hill and its fire tower also visible. In clear weather the Shawangunk Ridge is also visible to the southeast, and Elk Mountain, highest peak in Northeastern Pennsylvania, is on the southwest horizon.</p><br>
<p>As part of the restoration project, interpretive guides man the tower on weekends during the warmer months. Those who wish to stay the night on the mountain can camp in a lean-to on the south slope below the spring at about 3,300 ft.</p><br>
<p>The Hadley Mountain Fire Observation Station is a historic fire observation station located on Hadley Mountain at Hadley in Saratoga County, New York. The tower is a prefabricated structure built by the Aermotor Corporation in 1917.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the initial ten towers purchased by the State Commission to provide a front line of defense in preserving the Adirondack Forest Preserve from the hazards of forest fires. The tower may be manned in summer months by a steward who will answer questions from hikers.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<h2>Plaque</h2><br>
<p>There is a plaque at the base of the trail which leads to the fire tower. The plaque states that the original wood tower was erected in 1916. The current steel tower was built in 1920.</p><br>
<p>The Kane Mountain Fire Observation Station is a historic fire observation station located on Kane Mountain at Caroga in Fulton County, New York. The station includes a 60 ft, steel-frame lookout tower erected in 1925, an observer&#39;s cabin built about 1960, and foot trail. The tower and trail are contributing resources. The tower is a prefabricated structure built by the Aermotor Corporation and provided a front line of defense in preserving the Adirondack Forest Preserve from the hazards of forest fires.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Kane Mountain Fire Observation Station can be accessed via three separate foot trails leading to the summit of Kane Mountain. The main trail runs from Green Lake Rd. This 0.5 mile hike climbs 600 ft. to the top of the mountain at 2200 ft. above sea level. The trail is moderate in difficulty. The second trail runs from Schoolhouse Road. This is a shorter ascent to the top, however its difficulty is higher due to a steeper grade and rocks. A third trail can be accessed either from the Green Lake Rd. trailhead or from the Pine Lake Campground.</p><br>
<p>St. Augustines Catholic Church is a historic church in Napoleon, Ohio, United States. Located on the edge of the citys downtown, two blocks away from the Henry County Courthouse, the church is a prominent landmark in Napoleon.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>St. Augustine Parish was founded at some point between 1856 and 1858; its first priest was Michael Pietz. The parish was dedicated to St. Augustine in honor of Augustine Pilliod, who supervised the construction of its first building. This structure was replaced with the current church, which was built at a cost of $21,893; although construction was largely completed in 1881, the altars were not installed until 1888.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>St. Augustines Church has been rated a fine example of Gothic Revival architecture: both its exterior and its interior feature many examples of the style. A high ceiling, supported by many Gothic arches, rises above the sanctuary and its elaborate wooden altar and pews. Stained glass windows on the front, rear, and sides of the church provide light to the interior. The buildings exterior, topped with a steeple that rises 200 ft above the ground, is built of brick trimmed with stone. The entire structure rests on a stone foundation; at the time of construction, small windows lit the basement, but these windows have since been closed with concrete blocks. Other small alterations have been made to the building over the years, including the replacement of the original front doors and wooden steps and the removal of crosses on the building&#39;s corners.</p><br>
<p>Three buildings associated with the church are located nearby. A two-story brick rectory, bought by the parish in 1925, sits behind the church, while a Catholic school lies next door. Across Clinton Street from the church is located a convent of the Sisters of Notre Dame, a two-story Italianate building constructed in 1862.</p><br>
<p>The tall brick Gothic tower of St. Augustines Church places its architecture in stark contrast to another historic church on the edge of downtown Napoleon. First Presbyterian Church, located on Washington Street four blocks southwest of St. Augustines, features an American Gothic exterior built of multicolored sandstone.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1982, the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architectural significance. It is one of four buildings in Henry County that are listed on the Register; the others are the county courthouse, the sheriff&#39;s house and jail, and First Presbyterian Church. It remains an active parish of the Diocese of Toledo and its Our Lady Queen of Peace Deanery.</p><br>
<p>Bainbridge Historic District is a national historic district located at Bainbridge in Chenango County, New York. The district includes 93 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, one contributing structure, and one contributing object. It encompasses the villages most intensive concentration of historically and architecturally significant properties. It includes commercial, residential, civic, and ecclesiastical buildings. It includes the village green with bandstand and the adjacent United Presbyterian Church  and St. Peters Episcopal Church . Other notable buildings include the Bainbridge Town Hall , Old Jericho Tavern , and First United Methodist Church . Located within the district are the house and carriage house of the separately listed Charles C. Hovey House and Strong Leather Company Mill.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Greene Historic District is a national historic district located at Greene in Chenango County, New York.</p><br>
<p>The district includes 141 contributing buildings and one contributing site. It includes the main commercial area and the oldest residential neighborhoods, with notable public buildings interspersed. The commercial structures are two or three story frame or brick buildings and include the Sherwood Hotel (1913). Other notable ecclestastical and public buildings include the Municipal Building (1886), Moore Public Library (1903), Zion Episcopal Church (1886, designed by Henry M. Congdon), Church of the Immaculate Conception (1834), First Congregational Church (1820), and Central Baptist Church (1901). Located within the district is the separately listed Clinton-Rosekrans Law Building.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Lake Carroll is a reservoir in Carroll County, Illinois, located north of Lanark. The lake is the largest private lake in the state of Illinois, which contains 22 miles of shoreline and 636 acres of water.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Lake Carroll is located at 42&deg;10&prime;48&Prime;N latitude, 89&deg;53&prime;24&Prime;W longitude (42.1800213, -89.8901216), at an elevation of 738 ft. Lake Carroll is located in the northwestern corner of Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1970, Russwood Inc. purchased 5,000 acres of land for 50 million dollars and began to create the second home community known as Lake Carroll. The company went bankrupt and foreclosed in 1976. The property put in a trust until it was transferred to the Lake Carroll Property Owners Association in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Creation</h2><br>
<p>The Lake is a reservoir, which means that it was man made. In 1974, A dam across the east fork of Plum River formed the lake. In the process, approximately 1 mile of Illinois Route 64 and USA Route 52 would be inundated along with two farms and their existing outbuildings.</p><br>
<p>The William Lawrence House is a historic house in Bellefontaine, Ohio, United States. Located along Main Street  north of the city&#39;s downtown, it is historically significant as the home of William Lawrence, a prominent USA Representative during the late nineteenth century.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>The house is a square two-story structure, measuring approximately 50 ft on each side, and topped with a hip roof; its brick walls rest on a stone foundation with a basement. At the time of construction, the house included multiple chimneys, but with one exception these have all been removed. Other changes since the time of construction have included the replacement of multiple doors and the addition of a wing in the rear and a small stone porch on the southern side. With the exception of the removal of shutters from the windows, the Main Street front of the house differs little from its state when built. Inside, many original features remain, including walnut panelling and two cherry fireplaces. The most prominent original feature is the spiral staircase, which climbs from the first floor to a skylight above the second floor. Lawrence&#39;s original dining room and kitchen were damaged by a fire; soon after new owners purchased the house in 1947, the rooms were completely reworked and converted into a storage room for the rear wing.</p><br>
<h2>Home of a politician</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>The Lawrence House was built circa 1860 in a modified version of the Italianate style. While the exact date of construction is unknown, its terminus ante quem is 1861: in this year, a member of the Lawrence family incised initials and the date into a windowsill.</p><br>
<h3>Life of Lawrence</h3><br>
<p>Born in Mount Pleasant in eastern Ohio in 1819, Lawrence was trained as a lawyer and moved to Logan County in 1841, where he lived for most of the rest of his life. During his years in Bellefontaine, he served in various county offices, was elected to both houses of the Ohio General Assembly, served six terms in the United States House of Representatives, and was appointed to the office of First Comptroller of the Treasury. Lawrence was known professionally as an expert on land law; he was the primary lawyer on behalf of Great Plains farmers who won nearly 1,000,000 acre of land in a prominent lawsuit against railroad companies. As a leading member of Logan County society, he served on the board of trustees of Geneva College in Northwood from 1851 to 1854. In his private life, he was deeply interested in agriculture; after his death, his estate included multiple farms.</p><br>
<p>Lawrence purchased from P.S. Powell a lot at the intersection of Main Street and High Avenue in Bellefontaine in 1852; here he built his house approximately eight years later. He owned the property until 1897, when he conveyed it to his family; however, he continued to live there until his death two years later.</p><br>
<h2>After Lawrence</h2><br>
<p>Lawrences widow Caroline sold the house to a Dr. W.W. Hamer in 1901; in it, Hamer operated Bellefontaines first hospital. Later owners included a family who lived in the house, the Howard Kerr American Legion Post, and B.O. Beatty, the owner of a car dealership. After owning the house for only a short while, Beatty sold it to the recently founded Calvary Baptist Church, which quickly began to remodel the property. Two years of renovation included the addition of the rear wing, which was used as a sanctuary, and the removal of the kitchen and dining room that had been burned while the house was used by the American Legion; the rest of the house was used as offices and Sunday School classrooms. Members of the church first worshipped at the property on March 6, 1949.</p><br>
<p>After growing membership forced Calvary Baptist to build a new house of worship in 1972, the house remained vacant until it was bought by a partnership of lawyers. The law office remains in the house today; the rear addition has been converted into offices that are used by other businesses.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, the William Lawrence House was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. While its high degree of preservation was seen as significant, the house was added to the Register primarily for its association with Lawrence.</p><br>
<p>The Womans Club of Redondo Beach is part of the California Federation of Womens Clubs  and was founded in 1908. Included in the Mission Statement of the Woman&#39;s Club of Redondo Beach is the care and preservation of their Clubhouse which was built in 1922 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Club history</h2><br>
<p>On November 6, 1908 a small group of twenty women, ambitious to be helpful in the civic and cultural life of their community, organized the Woman&#39;s Club of Redondo Beach. An agenda was adopted to support local charities, provide social services through volunteerism, promote cultural and civic advancement as well as hosting social events.</p><br>
<p>The club was accepted into the General Federation of Womens Clubs in 1910, Incorporated November 7, 1915 under the state laws of California, California Federation of Womens Clubs.</p><br>
<p>On May 6, 1922 construction of the Clubhouse was begun at 400 South Broadway, Redondo Beach. In October 1922, the first meeting was held in the new building.</p><br>
<p>We were one of the first clubs to organize a Junior Membership in 1922. The Dianas, an intermediary group was organized in 1932, for women under the age of 35, after which time they would join the Woman&#39;s Club.</p><br>
<p>The Evening Division (to accommodate members who were unable to attend during the day) was formed in 1949, but later disbanded.</p><br>
<h2>Club Mission</h2><br>
<p>"The objective of this Club shall be to cooperate with the State and General Federation in promoting charitable, educational, and service programs within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and to preserve and care for our historic clubhouse. It shall be nonpartisan and nondenominational."</p><br>
<p>The Afon Brân is a tributary of the River Towy  in mid Wales. Its headwaters rise in Irfon Forest in the northeastern corner of Carmarthenshire as the Cynnant Fawr and Afon Lwynor and the river assumes the name of Afon Brân at their confluence to the north of the village of Cynghordy. Its major tributary is the Afon Gwydderig which joins it at Llandovery. Other tributaries include the Nant Bargod, Cynnant Fach, Afon Gwyddon, Nant Hirgwm, Nant Cwm-neuadd, Bawddwr and Afon Crychan with its own minor tributary the Afon Dulais.</p><br>
<p>The word brân in Welsh means crow, an association which may be allude to the colours of its waters.</p><br>
<p>Northeastwards from Llandovery the valley of the Afon Brân is followed to just beyond Cynghordy by the Heart of Wales Railway and the A483 road to Llanwrtyd Wells. The modern road follows in part the line of the old Roman Road from the Roman fort at Llanfair Hill (Alabum) which overlooks the river above Llandovery. The railway crosses the Afon Brân by means of the Cynghordy Viaduct, a Victorian structure which is considered one of the finest of its kind in Wales.</p><br>
<p>South Otselic Historic District is a national historic district located at South Otselic in Chenango County, New York. The district includes 60 contributing buildings. It encompasses the hamlets historic core and includes commercial, residential, ecclesiastical, and industrial buildings. Among the notable buildings are the Methodist Church , Gladding Corporation factory and office , J. Brown Grist Mill , Noonans Blacksmith Shop , Cox Block , and Dew Drop Building . Notable residences include the Octagon House  and the Queen Anne style Former Gladding Mansion .</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Cox Block built in 1890 burnt to the ground on December 14, 2014. After a grease fire started in one of the first floor apartments.</p><br>
<p>The Community House, also known as the Winnetka Community House, is a 3 acre community center located at 620 Lincoln Avenue in Winnetka, Illinois. The center was completed in 1911, though it has been expanded several times since. Architect Arthur Coffin designed the building primarily in the Tudor Revival style, though his design also incorporated elements of the Prairie School. The building hosted a wide variety of community activities for all ages and genders, including sports and gym classes in its gymnasium, music and photography groups, billiards, and lectures; by the end of 1911, 51 different groups had begun meeting in the center. While the Community House was nonsectarian, its establishment and operation were heavily influenced by Winnetka&#39;s Congregational Church and inspired by its principles of community, education, and youth outreach. In keeping with the popular contemporary settlement movement, the church also planned the center as a settlement house; while it lacked living spaces, it included other typical settlement houses features such as its gymnasium, dining areas, and meeting rooms.</p><br>
<p>The community center was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 30, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Earlville Opera House is a historic theater at Earlville in Chenango County, New York. It was built in 1890 and occupies four of the eight units of the Douglass Block. The three story opera house rises above the two story annex with the theater and balcony occupying the second and third floors, while storefronts are housed on the first floor. The heyday of the opera house was from the 1890s to the 1920s; in 1937 it was renovated for talking motion pictures and was in use as a movie house until 1950. It is located within the Earlville Historic District. It is used as a community arts center.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Earlville Opera House is a wonderful, largely intact, acoustically perfect historic theater. Managed by a stable, well-established, debt-free, community-based organization, the building is the home of an exceptional summer performance series (now in its 42nd year), two visual arts galleries, an Artisan Gift Shop featuring the work of regional artists and a workshop series in response to community needs and a variety of cultural activities. Currently, the EOH Board of Directors is fundraising for a comprehensive rehabilitation of the building and theater that will accomplish three objectives: 1. the project will address much-needed structural repairs, including improving accessibility to the public; 2. the project will allow the facility to be used on a year-round, as opposed to a seasonal, basis, thereby assisting in preserving the building and expanding the market which the organization serves; and 3. the project will enable the organization to expand its cultural and arts activities, by providing space for drama and art workshops, additional performances, improved gallery space, a film series, and arts-in-education activities. The historic facility, which currently draws its constituency from more than a forty-mile radius (including the markets of Syracuse, Utica and Binghamton), serves far more than its own village, and will address the current and future needs of a large regional community by expanding the availability of the arts and culture in rural New York, undertaking critical historical preservation, and enhancing the economic vitality of the Madison-Chenango Counties area.</p><br>
<p>The Earlville Opera House is a community-based organization with a two-fold mission: to preserve and restore the EOH theater, a unique, second-story theater originally constructed in 1892 and currently on the National Historic Register; and to promote the arts in a rural region of Central New York by offering programs of cultural, educational, and historic significance. The EOH offers a summer performance series, which annually brings over 5,000 people from a wide region to the Village of Earlville. Renowned for its quality and diversity, the series includes children’s performances, jazz, folk, classical, bluegrass, blues, Celtic, Cajun, Zydeco, and other genres, including drama and more, and incorporates well-known national artists, as well as lesser-known regional artists - including children’s theater workshops and productions. The EOH also offers year-round art galleries and art workshops. In addition, the EOH promotes the economic vitality of the region. The proposed uses of the facility offer opportunities to expand significantly the arts and cultural activities provided.</p><br>
<p>History of more than one Opera House on the current site:</p><br>
<p>Fire visited the first Opera House soon after it was built in 1890. The village with the help of Newell Douglass constructed a second opera house in the Douglass block on East Main Street but it too burned on March 31, 1892, when half of the Douglass block was consumed in the blaze. The village rallied again and the current Opera House was completed by November 1892 on the same site.</p><br>
<p>The Monastery and Church of Saint Michael the Archangel is a state and national historic place in Union City, Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Formally opened in 1869 and completed in 1875, the grounds of the complex are bounded West Street and Summit Avenue between 18th and 21st Streets. The small street leading to its front entrance from the east is called Monastery Place. At one time the largest Roman Catholic church in Hudson County, it has since become home to a Presbyterian congregation while part of the grounds are used for housing and education.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1861, Passionists began their ministry in Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Newark, and by 1864 had built a monastery in what was then West Hoboken, on a site bounded by West Street and Summit Avenue, between 18th and 21st Streets. was donated by J. Kerrigan, the owner of Kerrigan Farm, and the namesake of Kerrigan Avenue. The domed churchs cornerstone was laid in 1869, and it was completed in 1875, and additions to the complex were made in 1914, 1929, and 1944. In 1876, the relics of Saint Benedict were enshrined near the main altar. At one time, the church was the largest Roman Catholic house of worship in Hudson County. The church itself was damaged and rebuilt after a 1934 fire. Due to lack of finances, the entire complex was closed in 1981, and Saint Michaels Parish merged with nearby Saint Josephs Parish, whose school and church were on the corner of Central Avenue at 14th Street, becoming Saint Joseph and Michaels Parish. In 1986, the complex was placed on both state and national registers of historic places. In the same year records for St. Michael&#39;s and other nearby parishes were microfilmed by the Genealogical Society of Utah. A fire on August 14, 1994 destroyed a large portion of the monastery building, though the church survived.</p><br>
<p>The monastery and church were later purchased by a Korean Presbyterian congregation from Palisades Park, and renamed Hudson Presbyterian Church The surrounding park grounds, which had been used in the past for sports activities by citizens, were sold. The southern portion along 18th Street is now occupied by two condominium buildings and a low-to-moderate income housing complex that replaced the portion of the monastery destroyed by fire in 1994. In 2002 José Martí Middle School (now José Martí Freshman Academy) and the southern branch of the Union City Public Library were built grounds of the Monastery site, between 18th and 21st Street and Summit Avenue. They opened in 2004.</p><br>
<p>The David McKenzie Log Cabin is a historic house located within the Mountain Homeplace in Staffordsville, Kentucky, United States. The cabin was built between 1860 and 1865 by David McKenzie, who was an early settler of Johnson County. It was originally located at 37&deg;52&prime;56&Prime;N latitude, 82&deg;54&prime;44&Prime;W longitude, in Volga but was moved to the Mountain Homeplace in the early 1990s by the USA Army Corp of Engineers. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 26, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The cabin is a double-pen, -story cabin measuring approximately 34.6 by. It is not known if the structure was originally a double-pen structure as it is today or whether the eastern pen, constructed of poplar, was built first followed by the addition of the western pen, which is of yellow pine.</p><br>
<p>The Briar Patch Road Historic District is a historic district in East Hampton, New York that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988. In 1988, it included seven contributing buildings.</p><br>
<p>The district covers 30 acre at the End of Briar Patch Rd. along Georgica Pond in East Hampton.</p><br>
<p>It includes six houses:</p><br>
<p>Augustus Thomas House</p><br>
<p>Lawrence Aspinwall House</p><br>
<p>John Heywood Roudebush House</p><br>
<p>Shephard Krech House East, a Colonial Revival house designed by architect Arthur C. Jackson</p><br>
<p>H. H. Abbott&#39;s Servant Quarters</p><br>
<p>Howard Ogden Wood House</p><br>
<p>It is one of 8 historic districts and 24 individual properties covered in the Village of East Hamption Multiple Resource Area study of 1988.</p><br>
<p>US Post Office-Oxford is a historic post office building located at Oxford in Chenango County, New York, United States. It was built in 1939–1940, and is one of a number of post offices in New York State designed by the Office of the Supervising Architect of the Treasury Department under Louis A. Simon. It is a one-story, five-bay, steel-frame structure on a raised, poured-concrete foundation with a molded-brick watercourse. It&#39;s square, with a slate-covered hipped roof in the Colonial Revival style. The interior features a 1941 mural by Mordi Gassner titled "Family Reunion on Clark Island: Spring 1791." It is located within the Oxford Village Historic District.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Lake Lorne, a small 12 hectare freshwater lake on the Bellarine Peninsula, Victoria, Australia, is located immediately south-west of the township of Drysdale.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The lake is a popular birdwatching site and is well known for its variety of waterbirds, many of which have been recorded as breeding there. Lake Lorne lies in a depression in the underlying limestone and has no surface outlet. Water levels may vary substantially, often with a lag time in response to rainfall, with the nearby McLeods Waterholes being part of the same hydrological system. It contains a central complex of three islets densely vegetated with willows, eucalypts, paperbarks and pittosporums. The lake is largely surrounded by parkland and is close to the Drysdale railway station.</p><br>
<h2>Birds</h2><br>
<p>The lake is important for freckled and blue-billed ducks which are listed as threatened in Victoria. Waterbirds, waders and rails which have bred at the lake include black swans, hardheads, musk ducks, Australasian and hoary-headed grebes, darters, little pied and little black cormorants, dusky moorhens, purple swamphens, Eurasian coots and black-fronted dotterels. It is also a roosting site for hundreds of cormorants and ibises.</p><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the city of Napoleon, Ohio, United States. Located at 303 W. Washington Street, it has been recognized as a historic site because of its unusual architecture.</p><br>
<h2>Early history</h2><br>
<p>Organized in 1861, the congregation built its first church building on the southwestern corner of the intersection of Washington and Webster Streets, two blocks away from the Henry County Courthouse. Approximately forty years later, the original building was destroyed and the present structure erected on its place; construction began in 1900 and concluded in 1901.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Designed by Harry W. Wachter, the church was constructed in the American Craftsman style. Supported by a foundation of sandstone and topped with a terracotta roof, the building features walls of sandstone, taken from quarries near Mansfield, Ohio. Many towers and gables, finished with bargeboards, and break up the plane of its roof; among the most distinctive features of the roof is a small steeple that rises through the main tower, creating an appearance similar to that of a beehive. The interior is lit by multiple large arch windows and a skylight.</p><br>
<p>Unlike those of many sandstone buildings, the walls of First Presbyterian are built of stones of many different sizes and colors. Combined with the towers and gables of the roofline, the building presents a distinctive appearance; a 1977 survey of historic buildings pronounced the churchs architecture unique for northwestern Ohio. Its unusual shapes and colors present a significant contrast to St. Augustines Catholic Church, located on the other side of downtown Napoleon: while First Presbyterian includes a broken roofline and the many decorative elements typical of the American Craftsman style, St. Augustines is a uniform Gothic Revival structure with a tower 200 ft high. First Presbyterians architecture has led to wider recognition for the church; in 1980, it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places because of its architectural significance. Only three other buildings in Henry County, all of which are in downtown Napoleon, are listed on the Register; no Ohio county has fewer properties on the Register than does Henry County.</p><br>
<h2>Congregation</h2><br>
<p>First Presbyterian Church is an active part of the Maumee Valley Presbytery of the Presbyterian Church (USA). When the presbytery last compiled statistics, the congregation reported 133 members; at that time, it was served by Pastor Gavin Pitt. The congregation has also owned a parsonage; located at 304 W. Main Street, near the church building, it is a brick Victorian house built before the first church building was destroyed.</p><br>
<p>Hurricane Hall was built in the 1790s in Fayette County, Kentucky by David Laughed on the Lexington-Georgetown Pike. Architecture historian Clay Lancaster describes it as "the most engaging residence in Fayette County". The home is included in the National Register of Historic Places listings in Fayette County, Kentucky.</p><br>
<p>It was purchased in 1803 by Colonel Roger Quarles. Quarles with his wife, Jane Rodes Thomson Quarles and their two children came from Virginia. Colonel Quarles was a gentleman farmer. The Fayette County Kentucky tax list in 1826 listed 1,563 acre, 30 slaves, 33 horses and 1 pleasure carriage.</p><br>
<p>The front door opens into a 15 ft. A notable decorative features is the French scenic wallpaper in the parlor and hallway, installed to commemorate the wedding of the Quarles&#39; daughter, Sarah Anna Eliza Quarles to William Z. Thomson in 1817.</p><br>
<p>Quarles Grandson, Patrick Henry Thomson inherited the house in 1856. P. H. Thomson maintained a private school on the estate. The Thomsons had 12 children, and it is said the children ran through the house like a hurricane. Hence, the name Hurricane Hall.</p><br>
<p>The home remained in the Quarles-Thomson family until 1962. Today, it is a thoroughbred breeding operation.</p><br>
<p>The Henry County Sheriffs Residence and Jail is a government building in Napoleon, Ohio, United States. Built in 1882 to a design by architect D.W. Gibbs, the residence-and-jail is located adjacent to the Henry County Courthouse in the citys downtown.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>On November 9, 1879, a fire destroyed the previous Henry County Courthouse. Within three months, the county had secured the approval of the Ohio General Assembly to issue bonds to pay for the construction of a new courthouse, sheriff&#39;s house, and jail. The jail side of the resulting brick building, designed to be fireproof, was built to separate male prisoners from female prisoners and young inmates from elderly inmates. Its twelve iron cells are connected by sixty feet of concrete-floored corridors. A report prepared by a state humanitarian board in 1913 observed that the building was equipped with electricity and hot and cold running water; maintenance of the jail and provision of food for its inmates was the responsibility of the sheriff. Some prisoners in Henry County were housed separately: many smaller jails, ranging in capacity from one cell to four cells, were maintained by the villages of the county.</p><br>
<h2>End of the jail</h2><br>
<p>Into the 1980s, the sheriffs house and jail retained a great degree of integrity; it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 24, 1981 in recognition of its architectural significance. The late 1980s saw a conversion in the buildings purpose: by this time, increasing crime rates had led to overcrowding at many jails in northwestern Ohio. In early 1989, officials from five northwestern Ohio counties and the city of Toledo agreed to create a single regional jail complex. Because Henry County was part of this consortium, the 1882 building ceased to be used for detention purposes; instead, it was converted into offices for the sheriffs department, a call center for the countys 9-1-1 system, and office space for other county agencies. Today, the jail remains the location of the sheriff&#39;s office.</p><br>
<p>Little Para Reservoir is a reservoir in South Australia serving the city of Adelaide. It was built between 1974 and 1977, costing A$11.5 million, and commissioned in January 1979.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is built in the path of the Little Para River and is used for water storage and flood mitigation. As the Little Para&#39;s catchment is insufficient to fill the reservoir, it is mainly used to store water pumped from the River Murray. Periodically water is released from the reservoir into the river, enabling refreshing of ground water.</p><br>
<p>Overlooking the reservoir is a public park with tennis courts, playgrounds, public toilets and information about the initial construction of the dam. Although much of the current amenities have fallen into disarray due lack of maintenance and public abuse.</p><br>
<h2>2008 upgrade</h2><br>
<p>In June 2008 the reservoir was closed to the public so the dam wall could be strengthened and increased by 1 m. Construction of a new fusegate spillway system was also carried out. Complaints were raised that "millions of litres of water" were released into the ocean until the reservoir was at 68 percent to enable the construction to proceed.</p><br>
<p>the reservoir is closed to the public, due to the 2008 upgrade.</p><br>
<p>Howard Smith Wharves is a heritage-listed wharf on the Brisbane River at Boundary Street, Brisbane City and Fortitude Valley, City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. It was built from to 1940s circa. It is also known as Brisbane Central Wharves. The 3.5 hectare site is culturally and historically significant and is one of the last undeveloped riverfront locations in Brisbane. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 February 1997.</p><br>
<p>In 2009, Brisbane City Council proposed an extensive commercial development of the site that includes hotel, sport and entertainment facilities in new or refurbished old buildings. This plan was rejected by the local community which resulted in a revised plan incorporating greater public space and less commercial development. The revised plan was then rejected by the Queensland Government over concerns with flooding.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, Brisbane City Council again requested proposals from interested parties to redevelop the site. In 2014, a preferred candidate was named, and in 2015, a development application for the design was approved. Construction is expected to be done by the end of 2018.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Howard Smith Wharves were constructed 1934-early 1940s by the Queensland Government to provide relief work during the depression years of the 1930s. Initially known as the Brisbane Central Wharves, the project was undertaken in conjunction with the construction of the Story Bridge, one of the Forgan-Smith governments principal employment-generating projects. Like other such schemes, the Brisbane Central Wharves not only provided employment, but established important infrastructure for Queenslands future development. Brisbane Central Wharves were leased by the Australian coastal shipping company Howard Smith Co. Ltd from the mid-1930s until the early 1960s, and are more usually referred to as the Howard Smith Wharves.</p><br>
<p>The site had an even earlier connection with Howard Smith, as the Brisbane Central Wharves replaced smaller wharves constructed in the early years of the 20th century by Brisbane Wharves Ltd, for lease by William Howard Smith & Sons Ltd.</p><br>
<p>The construction of wharves beyond Circular Quay was part of the gradual move downstream of port facilities at Brisbane, in a process which began in the 1840s. Following the opening of Moreton Bay to free settlement in 1842, commercial wharf facilities were erected at South Brisbane, which offered more direct access for Darling Downs and Ipswich commodities than the north bank of the river where the government wharf was located. By 1850 there were 5 commercial wharves on the south side of the Brisbane River.</p><br>
<p>However, following the declaration of Brisbane as a port of entry in 1846, a customs house was built in Queen Street near the Town Reach of the Brisbane River, on the north side of the river at Petrie Bight. From this time, the Town Reach rivalled South Brisbane in terms of shipping activity. In the late 1840s, 1850s and 1860s, a number of shipping companies and private investors constructed wharves and warehouses between Petrie Bight and Alice Street, near the botanic gardens. To encourage private business activity the colonial government and Brisbane Municipal Council also built wharves along Petrie Bight in the 1870s and leased them to shipping companies. By 1900 the Brisbane Municipal Council owned a string of wharves from the custom&#39;s house to Boundary Street.</p><br>
<p>Private companies constructed wharves further downstream at New Farm, Teneriffe and Newstead from the early 1900s. In the 1920s-30s the government built railway wharves at Pinkenba, branch rail lines to Teneriffe and Hamilton, and the state cold stores and reinforced concrete wharves at Hamilton. After the Story Bridge was opened in 1940 most large overseas and interstate vessels did not use the wharves at the Town Reach. Hamilton became the heart of Brisbanes port, and the part of the river from the South Brisbane Reach, round the Town Reach to Petrie Bight lost the ascendancy it had around the turn of the century. Since the 1960s, most of Brisbanes port activity has relocated to the mouth of the river.</p><br>
<p>In the 1880s William Howard Smith & Sons Ltd leased the Commercial Wharf on the Town Reach from the Brisbane Municipal Council. Howard Smith was one of several important shipping companies which traded on the Australian coast from the mid-19th century, and was one of the earliest. The business was established in Melbourne in 1854 by Captain William Howard Smith, and in the second half of the 19th century developed as one of the dominant companies in the Australian coastal shipping trade. Initially the firm traded between Melbourne and England, but in 1860 entered the inter-colonial trade, and from 1864 concentrated solely on this. Howard Smith was trading in central Queensland by the early 1870s, and in the 1880s extended its operations to northern Queensland. In the 1890s, the firm entered into a strong rivalry with other coastal shipping companies for the lucrative intra- and inter-colonial passenger trade.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1890s, Howard Smith moved downstream from the Commercial Wharves to the Brisbane City Council&#39;s Boundary Street Wharf at Petrie Bight, and in the early years of the 20th century leased adjacent new wharves constructed by Brisbane Wharves Limited at the base of the New Farm cliffs. These wharves were extended and in the 1920s, and in the 1930s were resumed by the Queensland government and rebuilt as the Brisbane Central Wharves.</p><br>
<p>The resumption and rebuilding of the Brisbane Central Wharves was an adjunct to the construction of the Story Bridge between Kangaroo Point and Fortitude Valley. As part of the bridge project the state government had resolved to improve the Brisbane River at Petrie Bight, by widening it to a uniform width of 800 feet (240 m), deepening the draught to about 26 feet (8 m), and improving the river approaches. This necessitated demolishing the existing wharves and sheds at the Brisbane Central Wharves, excavating the cliff below Bowen Terrace, and widening the river at this point by up to 70 feet (21 metres). The path of the river was cut back and made smoother. Three chords were planned around the bend in the river, each providing a berth of about 500 feet (152 m). The total work, described in the 1935 Annual Report of the Bureau of Industry (the government body in charge of the project), was estimated to cost in excess of £400,000.</p><br>
<p>Work on the scheme commenced in 1934 and continued into the early 1940s. In January 1935 the existing wharf facilities occupied by Howard Smith Co. Ltd were resumed, along with a disused wharf upstream owned by the Brisbane City Council. The construction of the wharves was undertaken using day labour, and was staged over several years so that port activity could continue.</p><br>
<p>The first of the new structures erected was a two-storeyed reinforced concrete building completed by 1936 as offices for Howard Smith Co. Ltd. It was located on the waterfront, and commanded excellent views of the Town and Shafton Reaches of the Brisbane River.</p><br>
<p>Three berths with five new storage sheds were planned. Each of the gabled sheds was constructed primarily of hardwood timber, and sheeted and roofed with timber boards and corrugated iron. Sliding doors within these sheds opened towards the river for the handling of cargo. Sheds nos.1-3 were located at the upper berth under the Story Bridge, the middle berth accommodated the large no.4 shed, and no.5 shed was located at the lower berth downstream. No.5 shed was the first to be erected and a temporary wharf constructed. The middle berth with no.4 shed was almost completed by 1937, then work commenced on the upper berth, which was to contain sheds 1-3. This was completed in 1939.</p><br>
<p>For the wharves, a reinforced concrete base was laid on the rock at the river&#39;s edge, with timber piles rammed into the riverbed. Large hardwood timbers were used for the walings and decking, which extended about 24 feet (8 metres) out over the river. Hundreds of thousands of feet of timber (mostly hardwoods such as ironbark, blue gum, yellow stringybark, spotted gum and messmate) were required to build the berths.</p><br>
<p>The road widening behind the sheds, which necessitated the cutting back of the New Farm cliffs, was completed by 1938.</p><br>
<p>As work continued on the lower berth into 1940, the Second World War intervened. By 1942 the men working on the Petrie Bight works were transferred to other projects more directly connected with the war effort, and work on the wharves was closed down. The third berth appears never to have been completed. A 1945 plan of the site shows the upper and middle berths complete but the lower berth still without any timber decking for wharfage.</p><br>
<p>In 1941-42 the Brisbane City Council constructed five air-raid shelters near the Howard Smith Wharves below the cliff face, for the Bureau of Industry. The threat of invasion by Japan appeared very real at the time, there was a substantial workforce employed at the wharves, and the site was located adjacent to the Story Bridge, a prime target in wartime. Three of the shelters were the usual "pillbox" style built by the City Council at many places in the inner city and in the suburbs. This was a standard type, rectangular in plan and constructed of concrete. However, the other two shelters at the Howard Smith Wharves were constructed of large stormwater pipes with multiple entrances. The Brisbane City Council used concrete stormwater pipes to cover the slit trenches in the Botanic Gardens and Victoria Park, but no other air raid shelters of the "pipe" type have been identified in Brisbane. It is not known why the two different types of shelters were constructed at the Howard Smith Wharves.</p><br>
<p>Howard Smith signed a 21 year lease over the Brisbane Central Wharves site in 1936. After this lease expired the company made the inevitable move in the early 1960s to better facilities downstream at the mouth of the Brisbane River. The Water Police then occupied part of the site, and Queensland Works Department has used the site for storage for many years. Vehicles impounded by the police were stored here as well.</p><br>
<p>Since the early 1960s the site has remained vacant. A large part of the timber decking from both the upper and middle berths was washed away during the 1974 floods. In early 2000, one of the heritage wharf buildings was demolished after partially collapsing into the Brisbane River.</p><br>
<p>Most of the wharves which were built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the central city have been demolished in the riverside re-developments of the last 20 years. The former Howard Smith Wharves remain one of the few surviving, and the most intact, with office, sheds and wharfage.</p><br>
<h2>Redevelopment proposals</h2><br>
<p>On 18 August 2009, Brisbane City Council received the decision notice and approval package for the development application for Howard Smith Wharves. It was proposed to develop the site as three precincts:</p><br>
<p>Precinct 1: hotel and tourism precinct</p><br>
<p>Precinct 2: restaurant, retail, gallery, entertainment and commercial precinct</p><br>
<p>Precinct 3: active outdoor recreation, entertainment and community facilities precinct</p><br>
<p>The plan also proposed to retain 80 percent of the site as open public space.</p><br>
<p>There was significant opposition to the initial development proposal, with parties concerned about the architectural, historical and ecological legacy of the development. The Brisbane Cliffs Coalition is objecting to the proposed development of the site, and the Howard Smith Wharves Appeal Committee was formed to fight the development plans in court.</p><br>
<p>In September 2009, 31 New Farm residents, including Councillor David Hinchliffe, launched legal action in the Planning and Environment Court, challenging the scale of the planned development. This action forced the council to back down and amend the plans for the site.</p><br>
<p>In June 2009 the Brisbane City Council has amended its redevelopment plans for Howard Smith Wharves in response to the community comments received during the consultation phase. The community was concerned about a loss of views, and the footprint of the building development area. As a result, Council has made changes to the development plans that include alteration in buildings shapes and size and the addition of a new 10 metre boardwalk and possible CityCat terminal.</p><br>
<p>The revised plan was available for comment as part of the public notification stage of the development application process. Only 10% of the parkland is to be used for retail development. After the 2010–2011 Queensland floods, which inundated the site, the Queensland Government rejected the plans on the basis that they were a flood hazard. A $8.5 million project to restore the boardwalks was completed by February 2013, when new plans were announced.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Howard Smith Wharves site is located on the northern bank of the Brisbane River at Petrie Bight, between the Town and Shafston Reaches. The boundary of the site is formed by cliffs along the northern, eastern and southeastern perimeter, which in turn are bounded by Bowen Terrace and Moray Street, with Wilson&#39;s Outlook overlooking the site from the southeast. The site is entered from the west off Boundary Street, and passes under the northern section of the Story Bridge (Story Bridge), with the northern pylons of the bridge located within the Howard Smith Wharves site.</p><br>
<p>The site contains a series of buildings with surviving sections of wharfage located along the riverfront. These buildings include a two storeyed reinforced concrete office building, currently occupied by the Water Police, near the western entrance to the site; the No.2 shed located between the Water Police offices and the northern pylons of the Story Bridge; the No.3 shed located to the east of the bridge pylons; the No.4 shed located to the southeast; and the No.5 shed which is at the end of the group towards the southeast. There are a number of other smaller structures, which include four former air-raid shelters located along the base of the cliffs, numerous concrete slabs, and a former air-raid shelter and lavatory block adjacent to the western entrance to the site.</p><br>
<p>Water Police Offices and Wharves The Water Police office building is a two-storeyed reinforced concrete structure with a hipped tiled roof and deep eaves. The building faces the Brisbane River to the south, with a rear street entrance from the north. The building has large sash windows with expressed sills and window surrounds, and long tiled sunhoods to the ground floor windows along the east, north and west elevations. The southern elevation has a cantilevered verandah to the first floor, with tiled awning, timber posts, batten balustrade and handrail, and corner lamps supported by curved metal brackets. French doors with fanlights open from the ground floor to the south, and onto the verandah from the first floor. The northern entrance has paired timber framed glass doors with wide sidelights, and louvred lavatory windows are located at the eastern end of the first floor. Evidence of early door openings which have been enclosed to house sash windows are visible.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the ground floor has a central entrance from the north with offices either side, and a large office area on the south overlooking the river. A concrete stair with metal balustrade and timber handrail is located in the southwest corner, and the building&#39;s reinforced concrete post and beam construction is evident. The first floor has a large office area opening onto the verandah overlooking the river to the south, with a central corridor accessing a lunch room, kitchen and lavatories on the northern side at the rear. The building has timber panelled internal doors with fanlights, and decorative ceiling cornices to the first floor.</p><br>
<p>A concrete edged, curved garden bed with a small cannon positioned centrally is located against the southern wall of the building, and decorative timber gates enclose the passageway between the office building and No. 2 shed to the east. A timber wharf extends from the southern elevation of the office building, and extends along the southern frontage of No. 2 shed with timber post and rail balustrade chain balustrade. This wharf has non-slip compressed sheeting fixed to the upper decking in traffic areas. A section of the wharf in front of the office building is recessed, with stairs down to a lower deck for smaller craft to berth.</p><br>
<p>The Sheds (Nos 2, 3, 4 and 5) The sheds are single storeyed timber framed structures with corrugated steel gable roofs with deep eave overhangs on the northern and northeastern sides. The No. 4 shed has a double gable roof, and is the longest of the group. The sheds have corrugated steel cladding to walls, with large sliding timber doors to the ends of some of the sheds, and openings facing the river which originally provided access from the wharves.</p><br>
<p>Remains of timber piles from the earlier wharves are evident in front of No.3 and No.4 sheds. Internally, most of the sheds have timber floors, with No.5 having a concrete floor. Approximately half of the No.4 shed is built over the river. A concrete roadway runs behind the sheds, with concrete ramps accessing the ends of the sheds.</p><br>
<p>Former Air-Raid Shelters A series of former air-raid shelters are located along the base of the cliffs, with one located near the western entrance to the site.</p><br>
<p>Two sets of shelters are constructed of large concrete pipes with entrances at either end. One shelter, approximately opposite the junction between No. 3 and No. 4 sheds, is four bays in length. The other shelter, approximately opposite the junction between No. 4 and No. 5 sheds, is two bays in length.</p><br>
<p>The other shelters, rectangular concrete structures, have been converted for use as storage facilities and have had window openings introduced. Two are located in a fenced enclosure opposite No. 4 shed, and the other is near the western entrance to the site.</p><br>
<p>Cliffs and surrounds The cliffs extend from near the western entrance to the site to the southeastern boundary adjoining the Brisbane River. The cliff faces consist of overgrown sections in contrast to areas of exposed rock, and act as the support for the northern end of the Story Bridge. A large area of the site at the southeastern end is used to store stone blocks. This area also has two concrete slabs.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Howard Smith Wharves was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 February 1997 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Howard Smith Wharves, constructed in the 1930s, are important in illustrating the evolution and development of Queensland history, providing rare surviving evidence of the port of Brisbane in the central city. Brisbane was and remains Queensland&#39;s premier port, and until the 1940s, the bulk of shipping facilities were located upstream from Hamilton. The Howard Smith Wharves are also important in demonstrating the range of employment-generating and infrastructure-building projects undertaken by the Forgan-Smith government during the 1930s Depression.</p><br>
<p>The Second World War air-raid shelters on the site are important as the most intact group of shelters surviving in Brisbane. The "pillbox" shelters survive as excellent examples of their type, and the "pipe" shelters are significant for their rarity value, being unlike any other known surviving air-raid shelters in Brisbane. The location of these shelters adjacent to the Howard Smith Wharves and Story Bridge illustrates the strategic importance of the wharves and bridge in 1941-42, and survive as an evocative illustration of how closely the war impacted upon Brisbane workers.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&apos;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>As the last surviving wharfage in the central city the Howard Smith Wharves provide rare evidence of the pre-1940 port of Brisbane. The site is important also in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a 1930s port facility containing office building, sheds, roadway and wharfage.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As Howard Smith Wharves it was one of the largest single wharf leases in central Brisbane, and the extent of the site remains intact to illustrate this.</p><br>
<p>The series of sheds, and former air-raid shelters, are expressive of their utilitarian function, and the office building is a well-mannered structure which is suggestive of its former use as the Howard Smith Company offices in the hierarchy of structures on the site.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Howard Smith Wharves provide a setting for an appreciation of the views of the Story Bridge (Story Bridge), and through the scale and form of the various structures and the surrounding cliffs, the site has visual qualities which have considerable aesthetic value. The Howard Smith Wharves site is recognised as a Brisbane landmark, and makes a significant contribution to the Brisbane riverscape.</p><br>
<p>Individually, the various structures are of aesthetic significance as well as contributing to the aesthetic significance of the site as a whole. The surviving sections of wharves, constructed of large timber members, have a well-used and weathered aesthetic quality suggestive of former heavy usage.</p><br>
<p>The cliff faces, consisting of overgrown sections in contrast to areas of exposed rock, provide a dramatic visual backdrop to the low scale waterfront structures as well as acting as the support for the northern end of the Story Bridge.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The site is significant also for its close association for over 6 decades with the work of the Howard Smith Co. Ltd, one of Australia&#39;s principal 19th and early 20th century coastal shipping companies.</p><br>
<p>Rennick Glacier is broad glacier, nearly 200 mi long, which is one of the largest in Antarctica. It rises on the polar plateau westward of Mesa Range and is 20 to 30 mi wide, narrowing to 10 mi near the coast. It takes its name from Rennick Bay where the glacier reaches the sea. The seaward part of the glacier was photographed by U.S. Navy  Operation Highjump, 1946-47. The upper reaches of the Rennick Glacier were discovered and explored by the U.S. Victoria Land Traverse  in February 1960, and the first ascent made of Welcome Mountain by John Weihaupt, Alfred Stuart, Claude Lorius and Arnold Heine of the VLT party. On February 10, 1960, Lieutenant Commander Robert L. Dale, pilot of U.S. Navy  Squadron VX-6, evacuated the VLT from 7238S, 16132E, on this glacier, and then conducted an aerial photographic reconnaissance to Rennick Bay on the coast before returning the VLT team to McMurdo Station.</p><br>
<p>Ambrose Parsons House is a historic home located at Springs in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1842 and 1851, and is a frame Greek Revival style residence. It is a two story structure with a random ashlar, granite foundation. It has a square plan , cedar shingle siding with corner boards, cedar wood shingle roofing, a one story kitchen wing, and two principal elevations. The house is next door to the Charles Parsons Blacksmith Building.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1996. Though the NRHP lists the site as being at Springs-Fireplace Road at the Junction with Old Stone Highway, its actually at the corner of Springs-Fireplace Road and Parsons Place, which is near the address given by NRHP.</p><br>
